The History of Picnics & Vintage Blueberry Cake

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Labor Day marks the end of summer. What better way to celebrate than with a picnic? Unless you’re fortunate enough to live in a place that boasts pleasant weather all year round, a picnic offers the perfect opportunity to bask in the warm sunshine while feasting on simple, seasonal foods like fresh berries and corn on the cob. A picnic can be casual or extravagant, at the park or under a tree in your own backyard. Just where exactly did this fun outdoor eating ritual originate?

Picnics, derived from the 17^th century French pique-nique which translates to “pick” and “trifle” respectively, got their start long before we were spreading out plaid blankets and unpacking baskets in our favorite park. Originally, pique-nique was used to describe a meal in which folks were invited to pay for their own share of food, similar to a potluck. In the early 1700’s, French artist Nicolas Lancret began displaying artwork that featured well-dressed men and women dining outside. It appears that there has always been something a bit romantic about the idea of a picnic.

Déjeuner de Jambon, 1735 by artist Nicolas Lancret. Source: Wikimedia Commons

The Oxford English Dictionary defines the word picnic this way: “Originally, a fashionable social entertainment in which each person present contributed a share of the provisions; now, a pleasure party including an excursion to some spot in the country where all partake of a repast out of doors: the participants may bring with them individually the viands and means of entertainment, or the whole may be provided by someone who ‘gives the picnic.'” The word first appeared in English during the 18^th century.

In Britain, picnics got their start as 14^th century hunting feasts. Before the sporting festivities began, an outdoor meal was traditionally served. At the time, the social habits of the British were much like those in France, so it is likely that similar baked meats and pastries were made. When the hunters returned with their catches in tow, they were prepared and eaten during a second picnic-like feast.

Over time, picnics evolved into something slightly less formal. Easily transportable foods, like sandwiches, hard-boiled eggs and fruit were favored over fussy baked items. These make-ahead food items are what differentiate picnics from cookouts.

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The American author and essayist Washington Irving is credited as the first American to mention the word “picnic” in 1807; however, his use was in a very different context. In Salmagundi he satirically describes “picnic silk stockings” as lace stockings, which were fashionable at the time, giving the impression of nude legs.

The history of picnics can be traced through popular literature over the years. Charles Dickens’ The Mystery of Evan Drood, Jane Austen’s Emma and Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women each make mention of picnicking. In 1872, the Evening Post singled out the picnic as a way to lift the spirits of the working class children living in the lower wards. A series of picnics sponsored by the New York Times, called “The Children’s Excursion,” gave these children an opportunity to travel by ferry to places beyond the city’s limits, like Governor’s Island and Rockaway Beach. Picnic favorites like sandwiches, cake and lemonade were served.

In 1915, American cookbook author Linda Hull Larned published a quaint little cookbook called One Hundred Picnic Suggestions. It’s a fun peek into the types of picnic recipes that people of the late Edwardian era were eating. Some of the recipes sound strange or downright unappetizing to the modern cook– Cottage Cheese and Peanut Sandwiches, Eggs in Aspic Jelly, and Ham Mousse to name a few. I did manage to find a simple recipe for Blueberry Cake that seemed appetizing. I decided to give it a try for our own family Labor Day picnic.

This cake was made in a shallow cake pan, round or square. I chose to use a 10-inch loaf pan instead so the cake would be easily wrapped in wax paper and transported for our Labor Day picnic. Or, you can choose to do as the original recipe says and bake in a shallow cake pan, then bring it to the picnic with the pan you baked it in (baking times may vary based on the width and depth of your pan). The cake has a thick batter and a toothsome crust similar to Emily Dickinson’s Coconut Cake— crusty on the outside, tender inside. It’s mildly sugary; most Victorian/Edwardian cake recipes are not terribly sweet. I prefer them that way!

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Blueberry Cake

Learn about the history of picnics and try a 1915 vintage picnic recipe for Blueberry Cake from Linda Hull Larned.

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COURSE: Dessert

Kosher Key: Dairy

Servings: 10 servings

Prep Time: 30 minutes minutes

Cook Time: 40 minutes minutes

Total Time: 1 hour hour 10 minutes minutes

Ingredients

• 2 cups all purpose flour (plus more for dredging blueberries)
• 5 teaspoons baking powder
• 1/2 teaspoon salt
• 1 cup sugar
• 2 large eggs, separated
• 1/3 cup milk
• 2 tablespoons butter, melted
• 1 tablespoon vanilla
• 2 cups blueberries

NOTES

You will also need: Mixing bowls, sifter, electric mixer, 10 inch loaf pan or round cake pan

Adapted from One Hundred Picnic Suggestions by Linda Hull Larned, 1915

Instructions

• Preheat oven to 325 degrees. With an electric mixer, beat together egg yolks and milk. Set aside.
  
• Dredge your blueberries with enough flour to thinly coat. This helps the berries distribute more evenly in the batter, rather than sinking to the bottom. Set aside.
  
  
• In a large mixing bowl, sift together flour, baking powder and salt.
  
  
• To the sifted dry mixture, add sugar, beaten yolk and milk mixture and melted butter. Beat well.
  
  
• In a separate bowl, beat the egg whites until stiff.
  
  
• Add egg whites and dredged blueberries to the flour mixture. Stir with a spatula or wooden spoon to combine. The batter will look somewhat dry, like dough, but it will rise and become cake-like in the oven.
  
  
• Turn mixture into a well greased cake or loaf pan and spread evenly.
  
  
• Bake for about 45 minutes, or until a skewer inserted into the center comes out clean. Your cooking time may vary based on the width and depth of your cake pan. Let the cake cool in the pan (if you plan to transport it with the cake pan), or let it cool 15 minutes in pan then transfer to a wire rack to complete cooling. Slice and serve.
  
  

Nutrition

Nutrition Facts

Blueberry Cake

Amount Per Serving

Calories 231 Calories from Fat 27

% Daily Value*

Fat 3g5%

Saturated Fat 1g6%

Cholesterol 44mg15%

Sodium 157mg7%

Potassium 326mg9%

Carbohydrates 45g15%

Fiber 1g4%

Sugar 23g26%

Protein 4g8%

Vitamin A 155IU3%

Vitamin C 2.9mg4%

Calcium 129mg13%

Iron 1.6mg9%

* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet.

tried this recipe?
Let us know in the comments!

Research Sources:

Claiborne, Craig. “Stylish Picnics; Afternoon in the Country.” The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 4 May 1986. Web. 23 Aug. 2013.

Davidson, Alan (2006). The Oxford Companion to Food. Oxford University Press, UK.

Irving, Washington (1871). Salmagundi. J. B. Lippincott & Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Larned, Linda Hull. One Hundred Picnic Suggestions. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, NY.

Smith, Andrew F. (2007). The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press, New York, New York.

“The Children’s Excursion.” The Evening Mail. The New York Times Company, 11 July 1872. Web. 23 Aug. 2013.

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